As a crane operator, in addition to strictly adhering to relevant regulations, one should also delve into operational skills, promptly summarize experiences and lessons, and enhance the ability to prevent accidents. During specific operations, it is also necessary to note that due to the differences in each person's construction experience, operational skills, and knowledge base, their judgment of dangers and hidden dangers in lifting operations also varies. Therefore, the mutual cooperation and
1. Safe positioning
During hoisting operations, the area under the boom, the lifted object, the zone before the lifted object is lifted, the triangular area of the steel rope of the guide pulley, the area around the fast rope, and standing in the direction of the force on the inclined hook or guide pulley are all extremely dangerous. Once danger occurs, it is very difficult to avoid. Therefore, the positioning of the staff is of great significance. Not only should they always be vigilant themselves, but they also need to remind each other and check the implementation to prevent any unexpected situations.
2. Correctly understand the safety factor of slings and rigging
During hoisting operations, workers lack a correct understanding of the safety factors of lifting slings and often rely on continuous use as the basis, resulting in overloading operations always being in a dangerous state.
3. During demolition operations, it is essential to have the ability to anticipate various factors encountered
For instance: estimating the weight of objects, the thoroughness of cutting, the increased load on removed parts due to compression, and the forced lifting of connection parts without inspection, etc.
4. Eliminate erroneous operations
Hoisting operations are different from many other construction projects. They involve a wide range of areas and often use cranes from different units and of different types. Factors such as differences in daily operation habits, performance, and command signals can easily lead to misoperation, so extra caution is needed.
5. The lifted object must be securely bound
When hoisting and dismantling at heights, the lifted object should be "locked" rather than "looped". For the sharp edges and corners of the lifted object, measures of "padding" should be taken.
6. The rope wound around the roller is not tight
During the hoisting and dismantling of large items, the steel ropes wound around the crane or the drum of the motorized hoist are loosely arranged, causing the fast rope under heavy load to pull into the rope bundle, resulting in severe shaking of the fast rope and easy instability. As a result, there is often a dangerous situation of continuing the operation, but the operation cannot be stopped.
7. The temporary lifting nose is not welded firmly
(1) The welding strength of the temporary lifting nose is insufficient. The insufficient welding strength mentioned here refers to the situation where the surface of the base material for welding is rusted, and the rust spots are not thoroughly removed before welding. As a result, the surface of the weld meat appears beautiful and abundant, but in reality, the weld meat and the base material have not melted together. When the load increases or it is impacted, it will break.
(2) The force application direction of the nose is single. When lifting or laying down long cylindrical objects, as the Angle of the object changes, the force direction of the lifting nose also changes. However, this situation was not well considered in the design and welding of the lifting nose, resulting in the defective lifting nose suddenly breaking (breaking) during lifting operations. In such cases, it is necessary to weld vertical plates on both sides of the nose in advance. The size and thickness of the vertical plates are designed by technicians.
(3) The welding material for the nose does not match the base material and the welding is done by informal welders.
8. Improper selection of lifting tools or lifting points
The establishment of lifting tools or the use of pipelines, structures, etc. as lifting points and objects lacks theoretical calculation. The lifting tools, pipelines, structures, etc. are estimated based on experience, and the load-bearing capacity of the lifted objects is insufficient or the local load-bearing capacity is insufficient. One instability leads to the overall collapse.
9. The selection of pulleys and ropes is unreasonable
When setting up lifting tools, there was insufficient understanding of the force changes on the pulleys and the ropes tied to the pulleys caused by the variation in the Angle between the fast ropes. The tonnage of the guide pulleys was selected too small, and the ropes tied to the pulleys were chosen too thin. After being overloaded, the ropes broke and the pulleys flew off.
Crane
10. The no-load sling accidentally caught an object
Many accidents occur in this way: After the lifting work is completed, when the hook is running with the empty rigging, the free rigging holds the lifted object or other objects that have been unhooked. If the driver or the commander does not react in time, an accident will happen instantly, and such accidents have very bad consequences for the operators and the lifting equipment.
11. The lifting and hoisting construction plan is disconnected from the actual operation
The main manifestations are incomplete content, lack of necessary data or construction methods not matching the actual operation situation, which turns the construction plan into a shield to pass the inspection by the higher authorities, rather than playing a guiding role in the construction.
12. The suspended object in the air has not been covered with safety ropes for a long time
Some equipment or components need to be suspended in the air first and then fixed in place due to the requirements of the installation process. However, some suspended objects stay in the air for a long time. If there is no safety rope, once they are accidentally shaken, impacted or damaged by welding rods and wires, it will cause serious consequences such as the suspended objects falling.
13. Unclear handover of construction processes or loopholes in the balance of construction processes among multiple units
For instance, if one shift removes some structures or platforms but the handover after work is not clear, and Wang Wu doesn't know if people can walk on the shed built by Zhang SAN, Unit A cuts off the platform beam while Unit B continues to place heavy objects on the platform, causing the temporary support to be overloaded. The result was that the problem occurred and it was still unknown what happened.
14. The construction was busy and the progress confirmation was insufficient
The crane station positions have not undergone underground consultation. Before the operation, the inaccurate confirmation of the weight of the lifted object and the failure to promptly identify potential hazards such as high-voltage lines, operating equipment, and leakage points of coal and oxygen pipelines in the surrounding environment, as well as the safety warning signs of the owner's unit, led to significant losses.
15. Use slings with "faults"
Some people, for the sake of convenience, just find a rope buckle and use it. Little do they know that this is a scrapped rope buckle thrown away by others. Some have suffered internal injuries, some have been partially annealed, and some have been welded. And these faults and problems are not easy to detect. Some people, in pursuit of low prices, purchase substandard lifting gear such as pulleys and lifting rings produced by informal manufacturers, which makes workers extremely nervous during operations. To ensure construction safety, please do not use rope buckles thrown away by others. Cut off damaged or scrapped rope buckles in time to prevent others from misusing them. Don't purchase lifting gear produced by informal manufacturers.
16. Use the hemp rope as a safety rope
Because the load-bearing capacity of hemp rope is far inferior to that of steel rope, and hemp rope is very prone to damage during daily storage and use, which reduces its tensile strength, using hemp rope as a safety rope does not play a safety role. Instead, it causes people to develop psychological dependence and lead to accidents.
17. No warning zone was set up
The safety warning zone was not set up in time and the safety supervisor was not arranged in the dangerous area below the hoisting of large items and high-altitude operations, resulting in others entering the dangerous area without knowing the situation and causing accidents.
18. When lifting heavy objects with the long boom of the crane, the "brake lever" was not well considered
When the long boom of a crane lifts a heavy object, due to the force applied to the boom and the "brake", the vertical line between the boom head and the center of gravity of the object changes. If the boom is not properly adjusted, it will cause the lifted object to shift instantaneously. If the operator does not consider carefully and fails to take evasive measures (especially in the air), it may lead to an accident.
19. When two carts are lifting and flipping an item at the same time, the weight measurement is inaccurate
Due to the changing center of gravity during the flipping process, if the calculation is inaccurate, it is particularly easy to cause one of the cranes to become overloaded and unstable, leading to problems. If problems occur in this regard, it not only poses a threat to human safety but also causes huge economic losses to the machinery. There are profound lessons in history that require special attention from construction and technical personnel.
20. Necessary preventive measures were not taken for operations in dangerous areas
If the work is carried out on the crane girder, it is necessary to contact the crane driver in advance to confirm that there is insufficient contact or a mistake made by the crane driver during his busy schedule. Due to the failure to take measures such as hanging warning flags, warning lights, and setting up vehicle stops, the crane suddenly appears, and the construction workers cannot avoid it in time, resulting in an accident.
21. Insufficient consideration of climate impact
Uninstalled gantry cranes and other lifting equipment in the open air have not taken reliable sealing measures. The hooks of tower cranes that are suspended during use have not been raised to a safe position or anchored on relatively light objects. A gust of wind may cause an accident. Sometimes, sudden gusts of wind and heavy rain can cause a short circuit in the power supply, making it impossible to lift the hook in time. Therefore, it is very important to develop good construction operation habits. Furthermore, when hoisting large items in windy weather, the impact of wind load on the crane must be taken into account. Operations should not be carried out when there is danger or the wind force exceeds the safety regulations.
In conclusion, lifting operations involve various aspects such as construction organization, operation design, plan formulation, machinery selection, personnel operation skills, construction experience, mutual protection and collaboration, multi-trade coordination, environmental characteristics and climatic factors. Therefore, to ensure safety in lifting operations, it is necessary to attach great importance to all aspects from construction management to personnel operation and strictly follow scientific procedures.
As a crane operator, in addition to strictly adhering to relevant regulations, one should also delve into operational skills, promptly summarize experiences and lessons, and enhance the ability to prevent accidents. During specific operations, it is also necessary to note that due to the differences in each person's construction experience, operational skills, and knowledge base, their judgment of dangers and hidden dangers in lifting operations also varies. Therefore, the mutual cooperation and mutual protection among them are particularly important in lifting operations. We should also vigorously advocate the activities of saying one more word, extending a helping hand and offering one more suggestion in daily life. At critical moments, a word from the top leader or a suggestion can often prevent an accident in time.
